ASVAB CampCells and Basic Biology flashcards
8 cards with the formulas, rules and traps from this lesson. Answer in your head, then flip to check.
Fact · 1/8
What are the three principles of cell theory?
All living things are made of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit that carries out all life activities; new cells arise only from existing cells by division.
Term · 2/8
Prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes (bacteria, archaea) keep DNA in a nucleoid with no membrane and lack membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, protists) have a true nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria.
Fact · 3/8
Match the organelle to its main job: nucleus, ribosome, mitochondrion, Golgi, lysosome.
Nucleus stores DNA; ribosome builds proteins; mitochondrion releases energy as ATP; Golgi modifies, sorts and packages products; lysosome digests worn-out parts and engulfed material.
Term · 4/8
Osmosis: which way does water move?
Osmosis is diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, toward the side with more dissolved solute. Water follows solute.
Rule · 5/8
What happens to an animal cell in hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions?
Hypotonic (less solute outside): water enters, cell swells and may burst. Hypertonic (more solute outside): water leaves, cell shrinks. Isotonic: no net change in volume.
Term · 6/8
Passive versus active transport
Passive (diffusion, facilitated diffusion) moves substances down a concentration gradient with no ATP. Active transport moves them against the gradient using ATP and a pump, e.g. the sodium-potassium pump.
Formula · 7/8
Photosynthesis versus aerobic respiration equations
Photosynthesis (chloroplasts, needs light): . Respiration (cytosol and mitochondria) runs the reverse and stores energy in ATP.
Common trap · 8/8
Do plants carry out cellular respiration?
Yes. Plant cells have mitochondria and respire day and night using sugar they made. In the dark, respiration is their only ATP source. Plants do both processes; animals only respire.